implemented a proper vga buffer and handling for println! and panic! macros in the buffer

1 files changed, 84 insertions, 20 deletions

diff --git a/StrixKernel/src/vga_buffer.rs b/StrixKernel/src/vga_buffer.rs
index 311187e..e2e388a 100644
--- a/StrixKernel/src/vga_buffer.rs
+++ b/StrixKernel/src/vga_buffer.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,20 @@
-// vga_buffer.rs
+use core::fmt;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use spin::Mutex;
+use volatile::Volatile;
+
+lazy_static! {
+    /// A global `Writer` instance that can be used for printing to the VGA text buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Used by the `print!` and `println!` macros.
+    pub static ref WRITER: Mutex<Writer> = Mutex::new(Writer {
+        column_position: 0,
+        color_code: ColorCode::new(Color::Yellow, Color::Black),
+        buffer: unsafe { &mut *(0xb8000 as *mut Buffer) },
+    });
+}
 
+/// The standard color palette in VGA text mode.
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(u8)]
@@ -22,16 +37,19 @@ pub enum Color {
     White = 15,
 }
 
+/// A combination of a foreground and a background color.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(transparent)]
 struct ColorCode(u8);
 
 impl ColorCode {
+    /// Create a new `ColorCode` with the given foreground and background colors.
     fn new(foreground: Color, background: Color) -> ColorCode {
         ColorCode((background as u8) << 4 | (foreground as u8))
     }
 }
 
+/// A screen character in the VGA text buffer, consisting of an ASCII character and a `ColorCode`.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 #[repr(C)]
 struct ScreenChar {
@@ -39,23 +57,31 @@ struct ScreenChar {
     color_code: ColorCode,
 }
 
+/// The height of the text buffer (normally 25 lines).
 const BUFFER_HEIGHT: usize = 25;
+/// The width of the text buffer (normally 80 columns).
 const BUFFER_WIDTH: usize = 80;
 
+/// A structure representing the VGA text buffer.
 #[repr(transparent)]
 struct Buffer {
-    chars: [[ScreenChar; BUFFER_WIDTH]; BUFFER_HEIGHT],
+    chars: [[Volatile<ScreenChar>; BUFFER_WIDTH]; BUFFER_HEIGHT],
 }
 
-
+/// A writer type that allows writing ASCII bytes and strings to an underlying `Buffer`.
+///
+/// Wraps lines at `BUFFER_WIDTH`. Supports newline characters and implements the
+/// `core::fmt::Write` trait.
 pub struct Writer {
     column_position: usize,
     color_code: ColorCode,
     buffer: &'static mut Buffer,
 }
 
-
 impl Writer {
+    /// Writes an ASCII byte to the buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Wraps lines at `BUFFER_WIDTH`. Supports the `\n` newline character.
     pub fn write_byte(&mut self, byte: u8) {
         match byte {
             b'\n' => self.new_line(),
@@ -68,20 +94,21 @@ impl Writer {
                 let col = self.column_position;
 
                 let color_code = self.color_code;
-                self.buffer.chars[row][col] = ScreenChar {
+                self.buffer.chars[row][col].write(ScreenChar {
                     ascii_character: byte,
                     color_code,
-                };
+                });
                 self.column_position += 1;
             }
         }
     }
 
-    fn new_line(&mut self) {/* TODO */}
-}
-
-impl Writer {
-    pub fn write_string(&mut self, s: &str) {
+    /// Writes the given ASCII string to the buffer.
+    ///
+    /// Wraps lines at `BUFFER_WIDTH`. Supports the `\n` newline character. Does **not**
+    /// support strings with non-ASCII characters, since they can't be printed in the VGA text
+    /// mode.
+    fn write_string(&mut self, s: &str) {
         for byte in s.bytes() {
             match byte {
                 // printable ASCII byte or newline
@@ -89,19 +116,56 @@ impl Writer {
                 // not part of printable ASCII range
                 _ => self.write_byte(0xfe),
             }
+        }
+    }
 
+    /// Shifts all lines one line up and clears the last row.
+    fn new_line(&mut self) {
+        for row in 1..BUFFER_HEIGHT {
+            for col in 0..BUFFER_WIDTH {
+                let character = self.buffer.chars[row][col].read();
+                self.buffer.chars[row - 1][col].write(character);
+            }
+        }
+        self.clear_row(BUFFER_HEIGHT - 1);
+        self.column_position = 0;
+    }
+
+    /// Clears a row by overwriting it with blank characters.
+    fn clear_row(&mut self, row: usize) {
+        let blank = ScreenChar {
+            ascii_character: b' ',
+            color_code: self.color_code,
+        };
+        for col in 0..BUFFER_WIDTH {
+            self.buffer.chars[row][col].write(blank);
         }
     }
 }
 
-pub fn print_something() {
-    let mut writer = Writer {
-        column_position: 0,
-        color_code: ColorCode::new(Color::Yellow, Color::Black),
-        buffer: unsafe { &mut *(0xb8000 as *mut Buffer) },
-    };
+impl fmt::Write for Writer {
+    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.write_string(s);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
 
-    writer.write_byte(b'H');
-    writer.write_string("ello ");
-    writer.write_string("Wörld!");
+/// Like the `print!` macro in the standard library, but prints to the VGA text buffer.
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! print {
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::vga_buffer::_print(format_args!($($arg)*)));
 }
+
+/// Like the `println!` macro in the standard library, but prints to the VGA text buffer.
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! println {
+    () => ($crate::print!("\n"));
+    ($($arg:tt)*) => ($crate::print!("{}\n", format_args!($($arg)*)));
+}
+
+/// Prints the given formatted string to the VGA text buffer through the global `WRITER` instance.
+#[doc(hidden)]
+pub fn _print(args: fmt::Arguments) {
+    use core::fmt::Write;
+    WRITER.lock().write_fmt(args).unwrap();
+}
\ No newline at end of file