{
  description = "Dev shell for Strix OS kernel development";

  inputs.nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable";

  outputs = { self, nixpkgs }:
    let
      system = "x86_64-linux";
      pkgs = import nixpkgs { inherit system; };
    in {
      devShells.${system}.default = pkgs.mkShell {
        packages = with pkgs; [
          # Rust toolchain (nightly specified by rust-toolchain file)
          rustup

          # QEMU for running kernel and integration tests
          qemu

          # cpio: required by build.rs to pack the initramfs archive
          cpio

          # busybox statically linked: placed in initramfs/ for the embedded rescue shell
          busybox

          # Debugging and inspection tools
          gdb
          binutils   # objdump, nm, readelf

          # Disk image tools for testing ext2/ext4 (Phase 4+)
          e2fsprogs  # mkfs.ext2, mkfs.ext4, debugfs
        ];

        # Ensure cargo uses the nightly toolchain from rust-toolchain
        shellHook = ''
          rustup show
        '';
      };
    };
}